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Cron Expression: Quarterly (First Day of Jan, Apr, Jul, Oct) (0 0 1 1,4,7,10 *)

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Cron Expression: Quarterly (First Day of Jan, Apr, Jul, Oct) (0 0 1 1,4,7,10 *)

The cron expression 0 0 1 1,4,7,10 * executes a task quarterly on the first day of January, April, July, and October at midnight (00:00), making it ideal for quarterly reports, billing cycles, and business operations.

Expression Breakdown

bash
0 0 1 1,4,7,10 *
│ │ │ │        │
│ │ │ │        └─── Day of week: * (every day)
│ │ │ └─────────── Month: 1,4,7,10 (Jan, Apr, Jul, Oct)
│ │ └───────────── Day of month: 1 (first day)
│ └─────────────── Hour: 0 (at hour 0, midnight)
└───────────────── Minute: 0 (at minute 0)

Field Values

FieldValueMeaning
Minute0At minute 0
Hour0At hour 0 (midnight)
Day of Month1First day
Month1,4,7,10January, April, July, October
Day of Week*Every day of week (0-7)

List Syntax

The 1,4,7,10 in the month field is a list that means "January, April, July, and October":

  • Runs on: January 1st, April 1st, July 1st, October 1st at midnight
  • These are the first days of Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4

Execution Time

This expression runs 4 times per year at:

  • January 1st 00:00, April 1st 00:00, July 1st 00:00, October 1st 00:00

Common Use Cases

1. Quarterly Reports

bash
0 0 1 1,4,7,10 * /usr/bin/python3 /scripts/generate-quarterly-report.py

Generate quarterly business reports or summaries.

2. Quarterly Billing

bash
0 0 1 1,4,7,10 * /usr/bin/python3 /scripts/process-quarterly-billing.py

Process quarterly billing cycles or invoices.

3. Quarterly Backups

bash
0 0 1 1,4,7,10 * /usr/local/bin/quarterly-backup.sh

Create full quarterly backups or archives.

4. Quarterly Maintenance

bash
0 0 1 1,4,7,10 * /usr/local/bin/quarterly-maintenance.sh

Run quarterly system maintenance, cleanup, or optimization.

Example Implementations

Quarterly Report Script

python
# generate-quarterly-report.py
import json
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import sqlite3

def generate_quarterly_report():
    conn = sqlite3.connect('/var/data/app.db')
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    
    # Determine current quarter
    today = datetime.now()
    current_month = today.month
    
    if current_month in [1, 2, 3]:
        quarter = 1
        quarter_start = datetime(today.year, 1, 1)
        quarter_end = datetime(today.year, 3, 31)
    elif current_month in [4, 5, 6]:
        quarter = 2
        quarter_start = datetime(today.year, 4, 1)
        quarter_end = datetime(today.year, 6, 30)
    elif current_month in [7, 8, 9]:
        quarter = 3
        quarter_start = datetime(today.year, 7, 1)
        quarter_end = datetime(today.year, 9, 30)
    else:
        quarter = 4
        quarter_start = datetime(today.year, 10, 1)
        quarter_end = datetime(today.year, 12, 31)
    
    # Get previous quarter data
    previous_quarter_start = quarter_start - timedelta(days=90)
    previous_quarter_end = quarter_start - timedelta(days=1)
    
    cursor.execute('''
        SELECT 
            COUNT(*) as total_transactions,
            SUM(amount) as total_revenue,
            COUNT(DISTINCT user_id) as unique_customers
        FROM transactions
        WHERE created_at >= ? AND created_at <= ?
    ''', (previous_quarter_start, previous_quarter_end))
    
    metrics = cursor.fetchone()
    
    report = {
        'quarter': f"Q{quarter}",
        'year': today.year,
        'quarter_start': previous_quarter_start.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),
        'quarter_end': previous_quarter_end.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),
        'metrics': {
            'total_transactions': metrics[0],
            'total_revenue': round(metrics[1], 2) if metrics[1] else 0,
            'unique_customers': metrics[2]
        }
    }
    
    with open(f'/var/reports/quarterly_{today.year}_Q{quarter}.json', 'w') as f:
        json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
    
    print(f"{datetime.now()}: Quarterly report generated")
    conn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    generate_quarterly_report()

Best Practices

  1. Quarter Boundaries: First day of quarter marks a clean business cycle
  2. Error Handling: Implement comprehensive error handling and logging
  3. Locking: Use file locks to prevent concurrent execution
  4. Monitoring: Set up alerts for failed quarterly jobs
  5. Resource Management: Quarterly jobs may be heavy, monitor resources

When to Use

Good for:

  • Quarterly reports
  • Quarterly billing
  • Quarterly backups
  • Quarterly maintenance
  • Business quarter operations

Avoid for:

  • Tasks requiring more frequent execution
  • Real-time critical operations

Related Patterns

PatternExpressionDescription
Quarterly0 0 1 1,4,7,10 *First day of each quarter
Every 6 months0 0 1 1,7 *January and July
Yearly0 0 1 1 *January 1st only

Conclusion

The 0 0 1 1,4,7,10 * expression is perfect for quarterly operations. It's commonly used for quarterly reports, billing cycles, and maintenance tasks, providing a clean quarterly cycle aligned with business operations and financial reporting periods.

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